World Socionics

Louis XIV , sometimes called "the Sun King" and "Louis the Great", reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715 at the age of 76. He was the third French king of the House of Bourbon, ascending the throne when he was 4 upon the death of his father, King Louis XIII (IEI) . His reign was the zenith of France as the leading European power politically, militarily and culturally. Louis XIV re-invented the French monarchy as a manifestation and celebration of the absolute power of the king; he was regarded by his contemporaries, as he is still today, as the archetype of the absolute monarch. His personal tastes in art, architecture, etiquette and even landscaping had a huge impact among his contemporaries which is felt still today. Louis XIII, supported by his prime minister Cardinal Richelieu (LSI) , had already greatly increased the authority of the monarchy; however, the death of both men in quick succession led to a weaker government, du...

Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd was a South African psychologist, university professor, newspaper editor and politician who served as South Africa's 6th Prime Minister from 1958 until his murder in 1966. He is often called the "Architect of Apartheid" and was the politician chiefly responsible for the creation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961. It was during his government that Nelson Mandela (EIE) , along with others, was sentenced to prison for sabotage until his release in 1990. Verwoerd was born in the Netherlands in 1901; his parents emigrated to South Africa when he was about two years old. At first, he attended primary school in Cape Town, then in his teens accompanied his parents when they moved again, to Bulawayo (in what was then Rhodesia) and then back to South Africa, in the then province of the Orange Free State. He was an outstanding student and got the highest marks for English literature in the whole of Rhodesia, and the highest score in the Orange Fre...

Alexei Maximovich Peshkov , primarily known by the pseudonym ' Maxim Gorky ', was a Russian and Soviet writer famous for his founding of the socialist realism literary method and political activism during the time of the Russian Empire. Maxim Gorky was known for his active participation in the Marxist social-democratic movement and his public opposition towards the Tsarist regime. His most famous literary works have strongly impacted Russian culture and have remarkably contributed very passionate insights within the field of short stories, poetry and memoirs that described the lives of people in the lowest strata and on the margins of society. He associated with fellow great writers of the time, like Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov and greatly admired their works and contributions the the literary community at the time. In his pursuit of socialist realism, Maxim Gorky regularly emphasized the principles and rules that needed to be formed in order to implement the ideological ...

Otto I , known colloquially through the epiphet Otto the Great , was originally the Duke of Saxony and King of Germany in 936 and considered by some historians to have been the 1st Holy Roman Emperor, reigning from 962 to 973. He is known well for sustaining the efforts of his father Henry the Fowler in unifying all German tribes into a single state under the monarchy. By doing this, he had greatly expanded on the powers of the king, leading him to take on large reforms, such as the transformation of the Roman Catholic Church and its clergy to be under monarchical control. Throughout his reign as King of Germany, he had dealt with Hungarian invasions in the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, successfully putting an end to these invasions and thus became highly respected by the Christian world as a result. After conquering the Kingdom of Italy in 961, the territories he owned flourished under the Ottonian dynasty as patrons to art and architecture. During this period, he was eventually crowne...

Hillary Rodham Clinton is an American lawyer, politician and occasional book author who ran as the Democratic nominee for the 45th President of the United States. A native of Illinois, Hillary met her future husband Bill Clinton ( EIE ) at Yale Law School. After graduating and working as a congressional counsel in a House committee investigating the Watergate scandal, she decided to move to Arkansas, Bill's home state, together with him and building up a professional career there, as a law professor at the University of Arkansas. They eventually got married and she later became a partner of the prestigious (in Arkansas) Rose Law Firm. During those years, probably it can be said, simplistically, that she was the stable breadwinner while Bill focused on his political career, somewhat shaky at first. Concisely, he was elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976, then Governor in 1978. He lost his first attempt at re-election in 1980 (the term being then 2 years only), but manage...

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (a.k.a. Ayatollah Khomeini) was Grand Supreme Leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was, in some sense, responsible for the Iranian Revolution and overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ( ILI ) and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Khomeini was well known to be a strict and adamant follower of Shia Islam, with the intention of shifting the previous monarchy laid out by Shah Pahlavi into an Islamic republic. Khomeini was born in 1901 in Khomeyn, Iran, under the care of his mother and aunt, and was drawn to the studies of Shiite law and Islamic scholarly pursuits, as well as the traditional and ancient language of Iran - old Persian. Although invested in these studies, Khomeini as a young man was not interested in politics, and primarily felt that this task was better suited for clerics.  It was not until 1962 – during the reign of Shah Mohammad Pahlavi, where Khomeini began to change his attitude towards ...

Christopher Michael Langan rose to fame due to media attention concerning his unusually high intelligence, being dubbed "The Smartest Man in the World". He has worked a number of day jobs, including bouncer, construction worker, farmhand, and cowboy, but his main focus is on developing his "Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe" (CTMU), which he classifies as "reality theory", a discipline involving philosophy, logic, mathematics, and some general aspects of science. Langan's major goal with CTMU is to logically resolve the paradoxes that have plagued the philosophy of science and empiricism. To this end, Langan repeatedly invokes logical consistency as the overriding criterion for what makes a good theory. Yet, many have read his work and found it disappointing -- his theories give very little in the way of extra observable information about the world, but rather help to reorganize and explain facts that are already known (why language works so...

This is the type profile for the Logical Sensory Integrator (LSI). To see more type profiles, click here . Ludwig van Beethoven 1. Laws The need for existence to align strictly to an order is the main drive for LSIs, who demand a structured and consistent way of viewing their world and acting within it. LSIs naturally direct their attentions to understanding the rules for how things are, how things fit together and whether they do so coherently. With great precision, they are able to assess the logical correctness of systems and whether they follow from evident truths, or else pick out exactly where an action or statement has deviated from underlying principles. From such structures, LSIs establish certainty in their lives, knowing exactly what is correct or incorrect, what can be expected and what should not be, while bringing such assurances to others. LSIs tend to serve as voices of justice or incorruptibility to their friends and communities, setting out precisely what is...