World Socionics

  Thomas Carlyle (Often referred to as the Sage of Chelsea) was a Scottish historian and philosopher often credited as the creator of the Great Man Theory of history. Having emerged as the top expert on German Idealism, he would become highly critical of the more empirical approach to history often represented by Leopold Von Ranke (LSE) , and embody an alternative and much less  approach to history.      The first thing that stands out when reading any of Carlyle’s works is his fixation on the transcendent. On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History is the work often cited as the creation of the great man school of history. The book (originally a series of lectures) waxes lyrically (and often unintelligibly) about the impact of great men. The following quote from that book’s first paragraph should make it clear what the appeal of great men was to Carlyle:      “For, as I take it, Universal History, the history of what man has accomplis...

     Leopold Von Ranke was a nineteenth century historian whose focus on primary sources and historiographical views were highly informative in the emergence of history as both a profession and a distinct discipline. His historical seminar classes became a standard part of college level history education. His intensely non-ideological approach built around the use of primary sources became the foundation of modern historical methodology. This focus on primary sources is often viewed as the origins of empirical history, and is even considered “scientific” by some.      Von Ranke’s approach to history was entirely built around the attempt to recreate the past without any involvement from modern ideologies and viewpoints, even famously claiming “Every generation is equidistant from God.” His approach instead emphasized the importance of going into archives and digging up as many sources as possible. This approach emphasizes the need for more and more informati...

  Stephen John Ditko was a comic book artist and key figure in the early years of Marvel, being a co-creator along side Stan Lee (ESE) of both Spider-Man and Dr. Strange. However in 1966, he would completely leave Marvel for Charleston comics where he created the Question as a backup to the Blue Beetle stories he was doing art for. Charleston’s IPs would later be acquired by DC hence why both these characters are now under the DC umbrella. However during his time at Marvel, Ditko would become increasingly enamored with the work of Ayn Rand (LIE) , becoming a self-described objectivist. The Question would be created to explore Ditko’s idea of what an objectivist superhero would be. This archetype would be further refined into Mr. A, an independently published character through which Ditko could more fully explore his ideas. Despite runs at DC and even a return to marvel during the Eighties, none of Ditko’s later work would acquire anywhere near the level of fame of his work with St...

Josep “Pep” Guardiola (b. 18 January 1971), the Catalan football manager and former player, is one of the most consequential coaches of modern football. His career, stretching from his formative years under Johan Cruyff at FC Barcelona to his managerial dominance at Barcelona, Bayern Munich, and Manchester City, has produced a body of work of such aesthetic coherence and tactical sophistication that it is often described in near-religious terms by admirers. Widely regarded as one of the greatest football managers of all time, he holds the record for the highest number of consecutive victories in three different top European leagues. From his earliest days as a player, Guardiola was marked not by innate genius of touch but by a burning intensity of will and control. Cruyff, who made him the pivot of Barcelona’s “Dream Team,” saw in him a player of rare intelligence and command rather than flair: “He reads the game better than anyone else on the pitch” (Cruyff 1999, p. 84). Guardiola’...

  The Day of the Jackal is a 1973 political thriller film based on the novel by Frederick Forsyth of the same name, published just a couple of years earlier. It was directed by Fred Zinnemann, who already had prestigious films such as  High Noon and From Here To Eternity among his credits. The book's plot follows a professional assassin - known simply as "the Jackal" - as he prepares to carry out a contract for killing French President Charles de Gaulle in 1963. The screenplay follows the book pretty closely: it simplified rather than modified the book; it cut some pieces of dialogue; it moved the city where the Jackal's forger and gunsmith are based, from Brussels to Genova; and it eliminated one of the Jackal's fake identities. Other changes are minor.  This film is unique and worthy of analysis, in my opinion, for using mainly P on the audience, with a little bit of  R , and I  as to the structure of the narrative, and very few concessions to other element...

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African lawyer, political activist and Thembu hereditary nobleman who was the most prominent leader of the movement against that country's system of institutionalised racial segregation known as apartheid . He served as South Africa's first president of the post- apartheid period from 1994 to 1999 after having been a political prisoner in 1964-1990. Backround :  Mandela was born in 1918 in what is today the Eastern Cape province, in the core territory of the Xhosa ethnic group; more precisely he belonged to the royal family of the Thembu, a smaller group within the Xhosa. He studied law at Fort Hare, not far from his home town of Qunu, and in 1943 he continued his studies at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Up to this time, as per his own account, Mandela's life experiences had been mostly limited to rural areas where his daily exposure to the social realities of being a black South African were minimal, and his p...